Hyperpigmented Lesion

A hyperpigmented lesion is a patch of skin that is darker than the surrounding skin. It is a very common condition and usually harmless. An excess production of melanin, the pigment producing normal skin color, is the cause.

Sun exposure will worsen hyperpigmented lesions

There are many different causes of hyperpigmented lesions developing. However in almost all cases the exposure to sunlight will increase the hyperpigmentation resulting in an even darker lesion.

Melanin absorbs the energy of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays in an attempt to protect the skin from overexposure. Tanning is the usual result and already hyperpigmented areas become even darker.

Some common forms of hyperpigmented lesions include “age spots”, melasma, chloasma, freckles and darkened spots from injury or disease.

Age Spots or “liver” spots are very common. Their correct name is solar lentigines. They are small darkened patches most commonly found on areas frequently exposed to the sun, like the hands and face. They occur due to sun damage.

Melasma affects the face of many women. It appears as brownish patches on the face and may extend to the sun exposed areas of the neck. Although the actual cause is not known hormonal changes and sun exposure are known to affect it.

Chloasma is the same as melasma but only affects pregnant women, usually those of darker skinned races. It is known as the “Mask of Pregnancy”. It is believed the hormonal changes of pregnancy cause the chloasma and sun exposure will aggravate it. The condition often subsides after pregnancy.

Freckles are small brown spots that can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the face and arms. They have a familial tendency. Freckles become darker when the skin is exposed to the sun.

Injury and disease may also lead to the development of hyperpigmented lesions. For example acne may leave dark spots on the skin after the condition has cleared.
Similarly injury to the skin and some surgery may also leave darkened areas after the initial wound has healed.

Sun protection only treatment neccessary

In most cases hyperpigmented lesions do not require treatment. Wearing a broad spectrum sun screen will help to prevent the lesions from darkening further. However if the lesions cause concern an over the counter bleaching cream containing hydroquinone can be applied to the affected areas. The hydroquinone slows the production of melanin so the darkened patches will lighten and fade and eventually match the color of the surrounding skin.

In more severe cases a prescription cream that contains twice the amount of hydroquinone than over the counter creams may be required. Prescription bleaching creams may also contain tretinoin and cortisone, which may be irritating to the skin, so they should be used with care.